[0001]The present invention relates to a downhole tool string for displacing at least a tool section in a well in a radial direction in a wall of a well tubular metal structure extending along an axial direction in relation to the radial direction. Moreover, the present invention also relates to a downhole system.
[0002]When performing a drilling of a hole in a casing in an oil or gas well, the tool section comprising the drill bit is displaced in a radial direction perpendicular to the axial extension of the casing. However, tests have shown that the drill bit sometimes breaks.
[0003]It is an object of the present invention to wholly or partly overcome the above disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior art. More specifically, it is an object to provide an improved tool string having an operational tool, such as a drill bit, able to extend radially and perform the operation without breaking.
[0004]The above objects, together with numerous other objects, advantages and features, which will become evident from the below description, are accomplished by a solution in accordance with the present invention by a downhole tool string for displacing at least a tool section in a well in a radial direction in a wall of a well tubular metal structure extending along an axial direction in relation to the radial direction, comprising:
- a tool body having an outer face and a tool centre axis along the axial direction, a centre plane extending along and enclosing the centre axis dividing the tool body into a first body half and a second body half,
- an operational tool for performing an operation in the well tubular metal structure, such as drilling a hole in the wall, and extendable from the outer face of the first body half in a first radial direction in relation to the tool centre axis, and
- a first displacement element extendable from the outer face of the second body half of the tool body for displacing the tool body towards the wall for arranging the operational tool close to the wall, the first displacement element being extendable between a retracted position and a projected position,
wherein the downhole tool string further comprises a first distancing element extendable from the outer face of the first body half for ensuring a distance between the outer face and the wall of the well tubular metal structure when the first displacement element is in the projected position, the first distancing element having a retracted position and a projected position.
[0005]The operational tool may be a drill bit for cutting a hole in the well tubular metal structure by rotating around its own centre axis.
[0006]Moreover, the first displacement element in the projected position may extend from the outer face at a first length, the first distancing element in the projected position extending from the outer face at a second length, the first length being longer than the second length.
[0007]Furthermore, the first length may be more 200% of the second length, preferably more than 300%, more preferably more than 400%, and even more preferably more than 500%.
[0008]In addition, the operational tool in a projected position may have a third length, the second length being less than 50% of the third length.
[0009]Also, the first distancing element may be arranged at angle of 0-±90° from the operational tool along a circumference of the tool body.
[0010]Additionally, the first displacement element and the first distancing element may be projectable by the same axial movement in the tool body.
[0011]Moreover, the first displacement element and the first distancing element may be projectable by means of hydraulics.
[0012]In addition, the first displacement element and the first distancing element may be projectable by means of a piston inside the tool body.
[0013]Furthermore, the first displacement element and the first distancing element may be projectable by means of a spindle or wedges inside ethe tool body.
[0014]The present invention may further comprise a second displacement element projecting from the second body half and arranged at an angle 0-120° from the first displacement element along a circumference of the tool body.
[0015]Also, the present invention may further comprise a second distancing element projecting from the first body half arranged at an angle 0-120° from the first distancing element along a circumference of the tool body.
[0016]Moreover, the first and second distancing element may be equidistantly around the first radial direction.
[0017]Additionally, the displacement element and the distancing element may be projectable from the outer face by pivoting around each their pivot point.
[0018]Further, the displacement element and the distancing element may be projectable from the outer face by being displaceable radially outwards.
[0019]Also, the tool body has an outer diameter of less than 79 mm, preferably less than 54 mm, i.e. less than 2.125 inches.
[0020]Furthermore, the downhole tool string may comprise a first tool section in which the operational tool is arranged and a second tool section in which the displacement element and the distancing element are arranged.
[0021]In addition, the second tool section may be an anchoring section, the displacement element and the distancing element being anchoring elements.
[0022]Moreover, the displacement element and the distancing element may have a first end connected with the tool body and a second end for abutment to the wall of the well tubular metal structure.
[0023]Additionally, each second end of the displacement element and the distancing element may comprise a friction enhancing element, such as teeth.
[0024]Also, the downhole tool string may comprise a tool housing having a first opening through which the distancing element projects and a second opening through which the displacement element projects.
[0025]Further, the pivot point around which the displacement element rotates may be in form a shaft which is rotatably connected to the tool housing.
[0026]Moreover, the pivot point around which the distancing element rotates may be in form a shaft which is rotatably connected to the tool housing.
[0027]Finally, the present invention also relates to a downhole system comprising the downhole tool string and a driving unit, such as a downhole tractor, for propelling the downhole tool string forward in the well.
[0028]The invention and its many advantages will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, which for the purpose of illustration show some non-limiting embodiments and in which:
Fig. 1 shows a downhole tool string in a well tubular metal structure of a well,
Fig. 2A shows a part of another downhole tool string having an operational tool, displacement elements and a distancing element in a retracted position,
Fig. 2B shows the downhole tool string of Fig. 2A in which the displacement elements and the distancing element are shown in a projected position,
Fig. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a front view of another downhole tool string in a well tubular metal structure in which the operational tool, the displacement element and the distancing element are shown in their projected position,
Fig. 4 shows a part of another downhole tool string comprising an operational tool and a distancing element in a first body half above a centre plane,
Fig. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a front view of yet another downhole tool string comprising an operational tool, two displacement elements and two distancing elements, where the displacement elements and the distancing elements are shown in their projected position,
Fig. 6A and 6B show a schematic illustration of another downhole tool string comprising a spindle for moving the displacement element and the distancing element from a retracted position shown in Fig. 6A to their projected position shown in Fig. 6B,
Fig. 7A and 7B show a schematic illustration of yet another downhole tool string comprising wedges for moving the displacement element and the distancing element from a retracted position shown in Fig. 7A to their projected position shown in Fig. 7B, and
Fig. 8A and 8B show a schematic illustration of yet another downhole tool string comprising an axial sliding mandrel for moving the displacement element and the distancing element from a retracted position shown in Fig. 8A to their projected position shown in Fig. 8B.
[0029]All the figures are highly schematic and not necessarily to scale, and they show only those parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the invention, other parts being omitted or merely suggested.
[0030]Fig. 1 shows a downhole tool string 1 for displacing at least a tool section or the whole downhole tool string itself in a well 2 in a radial direction R in a wall 3 of a well tubular metal structure 4 extending along an axial direction L in relation to the radial direction. The downhole tool string 1 comprises a tool body 5 having an outer face 6 and a tool centre axis 7 along the axial direction. Fig. 1 shows a centre plane P extending along and enclosing the tool centre axis 7 dividing the tool body into a first body half 8 and a second body half 9. The downhole tool string 1 further comprises an operational tool 10 for performing an operation in the well tubular metal structure, such as drilling a hole 11 (shown in Fig. 3) in the wall of the well tubular metal structure, such as a production casing. The downhole tool string may thus be used to make several holes forming a perforated zone for letting production fluid, i.e. hydrocarbon-containing fluid, such as oil or gas, into the well tubular metal structure. The operational tool is extendable from the outer face of the first body half in a first radial direction R in relation to the tool centre axis, and the operational tool is arranged in an opening 47 in a tool housing 27. The downhole tool string 1 further comprises a first displacement element 12, 12A extendable from the outer face of the second body half of the tool body for displacing the tool body towards the wall 3 for arranging the operational tool 10 close to the wall. The first displacement element is extendable between a retracted position, as shown in Fig. 1, and a projected position, shown in Fig. 2B. The downhole tool string further comprises a first distancing element 14, 14A extendable from the outer face of the first body half for ensuring a distance d (shown in Fig. 2B) between the outer face 6 and the wall 4 of the well tubular metal structure when the first displacement element 12 is in the projected position. The first distancing element 14 has a retracted position as shown in Fig. 1 and 2A and a projected position as shown in Fig. 2B.
[0031]When performing a machining operation such as drilling a hole in the wall of a production casing, the drilling process generates swarf, and if the distancing element 14 did not ensure that a certain distance between the outer face 6 of the tool body and the wall is maintained, the swarf would accumulate around the drill bit, and the drilling operation would eventually stop as the accumulating swarf would fasten around the drill bit hindering further rotation. Thus, by having the distancing element providing and ensuring the distance, the swarf is able to leave the drilling zone, and the drilling operation is thus no longer stopped as the swarf does not accumulate around the bit. Furthermore, by having the distance, well fluid is able to flush through the operational zone, thereby moving the swarf from the drill bit, and the heat provided in the drilling operation is easily distributed away from the drill bit.
[0032]Fig. 3 shows a cross sectional view of the tool body 5 positioned in a well having a wall 3. The first displacement element 12 is shown in the projected position extending from the outer face 6 of the tool body 5 extending a first length L1. The first displacement element 12 is positioned in the second body half 9 of the tool body 5. The first distancing element 14 is shown in the projected position in the first body half 8 of the tool body 5. The first distancing element extends a second length L2 from the outer face 6 of the tool body 5. In Fig. 3, the first length L1 is longer than the second length L2. The first length L1 may be more than 200% of the second length, preferably more than 300%, more preferably more than 400%, and even more preferably more than 500%.
[0033]In Fig. 3, the first distancing element 14 is arranged at an angle α of approximately 20° from the operational tool 10. In another embodiment, the first distancing element may be arranged in angles α of 0-±90° from the operational tool along a circumference 15 of the tool body 5. In Fig. 4, the angle is 0° in relation to the operational tool 10, i.e. the operational tool and the distancing element 14 is coincident along the circumference of the tool body.
[0034]The operational tool 10 is projecting along a radial direction R perpendicular to the tool centre axis 7. It is shown that the operational tool 10 projects into the wall 3 of the well as having drilled or punched a hole 11 in the wall of the well tubular metal structure 4. In a projected position, the operational tool 10 has a third length L3. The second length L2 is less than 50% of the third length L3.
[0035]As shown in Fig. 2A, the first displacement element 12 and the first distancing element 14 are projectable by the same axial movement in the tool body. In Fig. 2A, the same axial movement is provided by a piston 16 (indicated by dotted lines) inside the tool body 5 moving along the tool centre axis 7 and is connected to both the first displacement element 12 and the first distancing element 14. The piston 16 comprises a first aperture 45 (indicated by dotted lines) receiving a first end 25 of the distancing element 14 and a second aperture 46 (indicated by dotted lines) receiving the first end 25 of the displacement element 12. The piston 16 is moved along the tool centre axis 7 by means of hydraulics by a pressurised fluid pressing onto a piston face 48 (indicated by dotted lines). The displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 are projectable from the outer face 6 by pivoting around each their pivot point 19, 20 (indicated by dotted lines). The pivot point 19 around which the displacement element 12 rotates is in form a pin 33 which is rotatably connected to an inner face of the tool housing 27, and the pivot point 20 around which the distancing element 14 rotates is in form a pin 34 (indicated by dotted lines) which is rotatably connected to an inner face of the tool housing 27. The tool housing is stationary while the piston moves, and the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 are thus forced to project as the piston provides the same axial movement. As shown in Fig. 1, the downhole tool string 1 comprises a pump 51 to allow pressurised fluid to move the piston and to move the operational tool radially outwards. The downhole tool string 1 further comprises a compensator 52 for ensuring a small overpressure inside the tool string compared to the well pressure. The downhole tool string 1 further comprises an electric motor 53 driving the pump and via a shaft rotating the drill bit via gears (not shown). The piston 16 illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 2A is retracted by means of a spring (not shown) partly inside the piston so that when the piston is moved by means of the pressurised fluid the piston compresses the spring and when the pressure is released, the spring decompresses moving the piston to its initial position and the retracted position of the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14.
[0036]Fig. 6A shows a retracted position, i.e. a first position, of the first displacement element 12 and the first distancing element 14. Fig. 6B shows a projected position, i.e. a second position, of the first displacement element 12 and the first distancing element 14. The first displacement element 12 and the first distancing element 14 are projectable by means of a spindle 17 rotating inside the tool body 5.
[0037]Rotating the spindle 17 and thereby moving a movable spindle part 17A towards a fixed spindle part 17B will cause the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 to project outwardly from the tool body 5. In Figs. 6A and 6B, the displacement element and the distancing element comprise parts 60, 61 of different lengths and hence the first length L1 and the second length L2 will become different in the projected state of the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14.
[0038]Figs. 7A and 7B show a downhole tool string in which the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 are projectable by means of a mandrel 41 driven by an electrical motor (not shown). The mandrel interacts with the wedges 18 of the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 in that the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 are wedge-shaped. The mandrel 41 has an inclined face abutting the wedged displacement element 12 and the wedged distancing element 14, but in another embodiment, the mandrel could have a non-inclining shape. In Figs. 7A and 7B, the size of the wedges 18 are different, and thereby it is achieved that the displacement element 12 projects more than the distancing element 14. The wedges are connected to the tool housing 27 in a pivot point and retracted by a torsional spring arranged in the pivot point. The mandrel is moved by a hydraulic pressure, and an internal spring is compressed and as the mandrel forces the wedge outwards, the torsional spring is stretched. When the hydraulic pressure is released, and the internal spring is retracting the mandrel, the torsional spring retracts the wedge.
[0039]Fig. 7A shows the wedges 18 and thus the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 in a retracted position, i.e. a first position. Fig. 7B shows the wedges 18 and thus the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 in a projected position, i.e. a second position. The wedges 18 are moved from the retraced position to the projected position by pushing the mandrel 41 in the direction of the arrow AR along the centre axis 7 of the tool body 5. The different sizes of the wedges will cause the wedges to project at different lengths L1 and L2 from the surface 6 of the tool body 5.
[0040]Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view similar to that of Fig. 3. In Fig. 5, the downhole tool string further comprises a second displacement element 12B projecting from the second body half 9. The second displacement element 12B is arranged at an angle V of 0-120° from the first displacement element 12 along a circumference 15 of the tool body 5.
[0041]Furthermore, it is shown in Fig. 5 that the downhole tool string further comprises a second distancing element 14B projecting from the first body half 8. The second distancing element is arranged at an angle β of 0-120° from the first distancing element 14 along a circumference 15 of the tool body 5. In Fig. 5, the second distancing elements 14, 14B are arranged at an angle β of approximately 40°. In Fig. 5, the angle β is approximately two times the angle α but in another embodiment, the angle β may more or less than two times the angle α. Hence, the first and second distancing elements may be equidistantly placed from the first radial direction R. Similarly, the displacement elements 14, 14b are equidistantly placed from the first radial direction R along the circumference of the tool body 5.
[0042]As shown in Figs. 1, 2A and 2B, the downhole tool string 1 comprises a first tool section 21 in which the operational tool 10 is arranged and a second tool section 22 in which the displacement element and the distancing element are arranged. By having the operational tool in the first tool section arranged in succession of the second tool section along the tool centre axis 7, the distancing element can be arranged in the same radial position along the circumference of the tool body, as shown in Fig. 4, and projected in the same radial direction as the operational tool, as shown in Fig. 2B. The second tool section can thus also function as an anchoring section 23, while the displacement element and the distancing element are anchoring elements 24, anchoring the downhole tool string in the axial direction. As shown in Figs. 2A and 2b, each of the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 has a first end 25 connected with the tool body and a second end 26 for abutment to the wall of the well tubular metal structure. Each second end 26 of the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 comprises a friction enhancing element 27B, such as teeth. The tool housing 27 comprises a first opening 31 through which the distancing element 14 projects and a second opening 32 through which the displacement element 12 projects.
[0043]In Fig. 1, the downhole tool string 1 comprises two second tool sections 22, i.e. one second tool section on each side of the first tool section so that the operational tool 10 in the first tool section is stabilised from each end, stabilising the drilling process even further. Fig. 1 shows a downhole system 100 comprising the downhole tool string and a driving unit 30, such as a downhole tractor, for propelling the downhole tool string forward in the well. The downhole system 100 is connected and powered through a wireline 44.
[0044]In Fig. 3, the displacement element and the distancing element 14 are projectable from the outer face by being displaceable radially outwards without pivoting around a fixed pivot point as earlier described. The displacement element and the distancing element are projectable from the outer face in that the whole displacement element and the whole distancing element are being displaceable radially outwards, e.g. forming part of pistons moving in radial extending piston housings.
[0045]As shown in Fig. 2A, the tool body has an outer diameter OD and the outer diameter OD may be less than 79 mm, preferably less than 54 mm i.e. less than 2.125 inches. When having an outer tool diameter of less than 54 mm, space is so limited that there is no room for any fixed distancing element 14 on the outer face as all space is needed for providing enough radial extension of the operational tool, i.e. the drill bit, for it to extend sufficiently to drill a hole all the way through the wall of the production casing.
[0047]Fig. 8A shows a retracted position, i.e. a first position, of the first displacement element 12 and the first distancing element 14. The displacement elements 12 and the distancing element 14 are projectable by means of a mandrel 41 inside the tool body 5 pushed in the direction of the arrow AR along the central axis 7 of the tool body 5.
[0048]Fig. 8B shows a projected position, i.e. a second position, of the first displacement element 12 and the first distancing element 14 where the mandrel 41 is pushed to cause the parts of the displacement and distancing elements 12, 14 to project.
[0049]In Figs. 8A and 8B, the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14 comprise parts 60, 61 of different length and hence the first length L1 and the second length L2 will become different in the projected state of the displacement element 12 and the distancing element 14. In this way, the distancing element provides a smaller distance to the wall of the well tubular metal structure than the displacing element. The distancing element thus ensures a small distance so that the swarf from e.g. a drilling operation can led away from the drill bit.
[0050]A stroking tool is a tool providing an axial force, e.g. for moving the mandrel inside the tool body or providing an axial force in order to release the operational tool from its engagement with the well tubular metal structure. The stroking tool comprises an electric motor for driving a pump. The pump pumps fluid into a piston housing to move a piston acting therein. The piston is arranged on the stroker shaft. The pump may pump fluid out of the piston housing on one side and simultaneously suck fluid in on the other side of the piston.
[0051]By "fluid" or "well fluid" is meant any kind of fluid that may be present in oil or gas wells downhole, such as natural gas, oil, oil mud, crude oil, water, etc. By "gas" is meant any kind of gas composition present in a well, completion or open hole, and by "oil" is meant any kind of oil composition, such as crude oil, an oil-containing fluid, etc. Gas, oil and water fluids may thus all comprise other elements or substances than gas, oil and/or water, respectively.
[0052]By "casing", "production casing" or "well tubular metal structure" is meant any kind of pipe, tubing, tubular, liner, string, etc., used downhole in relation to oil or natural gas production.
[0053]In the event that the tool is not submergible all the way into the casing, a downhole tractor can be used to push the tool all the way into position in the well. The downhole tractor may have projectable arms 35 having wheels 36, wherein the wheels contact the inner surface of the casing for propelling the tractor and the tool forward in the casing. The downhole tractor comprises an electric motor 37 driving a pump 38 providing a presurised fluid for projecting the arms 35 and rotating the wheels 36. A downhole tractor is any kind of driving tool capable of pushing or pulling tools in a well downhole, such as a Well Tractor®. The downhole tool string further comprises a control unit 39 for controling the tool string from the power and signals from a wireline 44.
1.A downhole tool string (1) for displacing at least a tool section in a well (2) in a radial direction (R) in a wall (3) of a well tubular metal structure (4) extending along an axial direction (L) in relation to the radial direction, comprising:
- a tool body (5) having an outer face (6) and a tool centre axis (7) along the axial direction, a centre plane (P) extending along and enclosing the centre axis dividing the tool body into a first body half (8) and a second body half (9),
- an operational tool (10) for performing an operation in the well tubular metal structure, such as drilling a hole (11) in the wall, and extendable from the outer face of the first body half in a first radial direction (R) in relation to the tool centre axis, and
- a first displacement element (12, 12A) extendable from the outer face of the second body half of the tool body for displacing the tool body towards the wall for arranging the operational tool close to the wall, the first displacement element being extendable between a retracted position and a projected position,
wherein the downhole tool string further comprises a first distancing element (14, 14A) extendable from the outer face of the first body half for ensuring a distance (d) between the outer face and the wall of the well tubular metal structure when the first displacement element is in the projected position, the first distancing element having a retracted position and a projected position.
2.A downhole tool string according to claim 1, wherein the first displacement element in the projected position extends from the outer face at a first length (L1), and the first distancing element in the projected position extends from the outer face at a second length (L2), the first length being longer than the second length.
3.A downhole tool string according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first length is more 200% of the second length, preferably more than 300%, more preferably more than 400%, and even more preferably more than 500%
4.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the operational tool in a projected position has a third length (L3), and the second length is less than 50% of the third length.
5.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first distancing element is arranged at angle (α) of 0-±90° from the operational tool along a circumference (15) of the tool body.
6.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first displacement element and the first distancing element are projectable by the same axial movement in the tool body.
7.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first displacement element and the first distancing element are projectable by means of hydraulics.
8.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first displacement element and the first distancing element are projectable by means of a piston (16) inside the tool body.
9.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first displacement element and the first distancing element are projectable by means of a spindle (17) or wedges (18) inside the tool body.
10.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a second displacement element (12B) projecting from the second body half and arranged at an angle (V) 0-120° from the first displacement element along a circumference (15) of the tool body.
11.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a second distancing element (14B) projecting from the first body half, arranged at an angle (β) 0-120° from the first distancing element along a circumference of the tool body.
12.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the displacement element and the distancing element are projectable from the outer face by pivoting around each their pivot point (19, 20).
13.A downhole tool string according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the displacement element and the distancing element are projectable from the outer face by being displaceable radially outwards.
14.A downhole tool string according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tool body has an outer diameter (OD) of less than 79 mm, preferably less than 54 mm.
15.A downhole system (100) comprising the downhole tool string according to any of claims 1-14 and a driving unit (30), such as a downhole tractor, for propelling the downhole tool string forward in the well.
